Pulmonary Disease
May be present in chronic obstructive or restrictive lung disease
One or more markers may be present, in any combination
The sensitivity and specificity are low
One or more markers may be present, in any combination
The sensitivity and specificity are low
- Negative P and QRS in aVL: specific marker of emphysema
- Vertical P, QRS and T (from deep diaphragm): lead I may look like a flat line
- Low voltage in the frontal plane (limb leads)
- SI - SII - SIII pattern: S waves in all three bipolar limb leads
- Poor R wave progression in the chest leads
- Deep S waves in the lateral chest leads